Traduzione inglese...aiuto
avrete capito che non sono una cima in inglese anche se ce la metto tutta...avrei
bisogno la traduzione di questo testo...grazie mille...
2.1 LA FAMIGLIA INGLESE NELLA STORIA.
Nel XVII secolo, come in ogni altra epoca, la famiglia costituisce l’unità base della società inglese, e forma il tessuto più intimo dell’attività di ciascuno. In questo secolo, avvenne all’interno della famiglia un passaggio di estrema importanza: dalla famiglia di tipo patriarcale si passò lentamente ad un nuovo tipo di famiglia più raccolta e unita, quello di tipo paternale. Il protestantesimo si trovava, ancora una volta, alla base di questo cambiamento: la responsabilità della vita e delle cose terrene era passata dalle mani di Dio a quelle dell’uomo stesso che stava quindi diventando libero di decidere della sua propria vita soprattutto all’interno della famiglia. Nei primi anni del ‘600 la famiglia si poteva considerare come un gruppo di persone tenute insieme da diversi vincoli di parentela, che lavoravano tutti per uno stesso scopo e dormivano e mangiavano tutti insieme nella stessa casa. Il capo di questo gruppo era, il padre, ma spesso anche nei confronti degli altri il capo esercitava analoghe funzioni paterne .
A quel tempo la famiglia non costituiva una sola associazione, ma tre fuse insieme: marito e moglie, genitori e figli, padroni e servi. Le famiglie importanti, quelle dei nobili, della gentry e dei ricchi mercanti, erano piuttosto numerose (generalmente più di tredici persone), mentre le grandi masse contadine le unità familiari erano più ristrette . Le grandi case dei ricchi, quindi, sia in campagna che in città, ospitavano sempre un gran numero di persone. In una società senza i caffè e senza public houses, la casa era senza dubbio l’unico luogo dove amici, parenti, protetti, potevano incontrarsi e conversare . Le visite costituivano una vera e propria occupazione che decideva della vita domestica e da cui dipendevano anche le ore dei pasti. Le stanze di queste grandi case erano in genere tutte intercomunicanti ed esse, eccetto la cucina, non erano mai destinate ad una funzione precisa. Nelle medesime stanze spesso si mangiava, si dormiva, si ballava, si lavorava, si ricevevano visitatori. Gran parte del mobilio era smontabile ancora per tutto il ‘600, solo nel ‘700 la casa cominciò ad avere un aspetto più privato e le varie stanze furono finalmente adibite ad usi specifici . Questo ci dà ancora una prova di come la famiglia si stesse lentamente avvicinando ad un modello più moderno e più vicino alla dimensione umana. Grazie all’influenza del protestantesimo, il processo di trasformazione della famiglia già iniziato nel ‘500, stava ormai volgendo al termine nel XVII secolo. Questo processo segnò nettamente il passaggio dal medioevo all’epoca moderna, con la nascita e lo sviluppo di un nuovo sentimento della famiglia . Quest’ultima venne modificata nel suo interno dall’etica puritana, in particolare, la quale impose nuovi valori e nuovi modelli. I rapporti tra marito e moglie, padre e figli, vennero rivalutati, si fecero più diretti e spontanei; lentamente si sviluppò, in questo secolo, un nuovo tipo di paternità, più responsabile. Ma alcune delle abitudini, potremmo dire meglio “leggi”, che riguardavano la famiglia del Medioevo, continuarono ad esistere ancora nel XVII secolo. Queste abitudini erano le stesse per tutti, aristocrazia e popolo, ed erano comuni sia in Inghilterra che in gran parte delle altre nazioni europee . Una di esse era l’uso, in ogni famiglia, di tenere in casa i bambini fino ai sette - nove anni circa e di mandarli poi, maschi e femmine indistintamente, al servizio in casa d’altri, impegnandoli con queste persone fino all’età di quattordici - diciotto anni circa. Veramente pochi bambini sfuggivano a questo trattamento, perché ognuno, di qualunque fortuna fosse provvisto mandava i suoi figli in casa altrui, mentre riceveva in casa propria bambini che gli erano estranei . Tra il ‘500 e il ‘700, queste abitudini cominciarono a perdersi mentre nella famiglia aumentava l’importanza del nucleo centrale, con un conseguente aumento dei vincoli affettivi che mantenevano unito il gruppo coniugale.
bisogno la traduzione di questo testo...grazie mille...
2.1 LA FAMIGLIA INGLESE NELLA STORIA.
Nel XVII secolo, come in ogni altra epoca, la famiglia costituisce l’unità base della società inglese, e forma il tessuto più intimo dell’attività di ciascuno. In questo secolo, avvenne all’interno della famiglia un passaggio di estrema importanza: dalla famiglia di tipo patriarcale si passò lentamente ad un nuovo tipo di famiglia più raccolta e unita, quello di tipo paternale. Il protestantesimo si trovava, ancora una volta, alla base di questo cambiamento: la responsabilità della vita e delle cose terrene era passata dalle mani di Dio a quelle dell’uomo stesso che stava quindi diventando libero di decidere della sua propria vita soprattutto all’interno della famiglia. Nei primi anni del ‘600 la famiglia si poteva considerare come un gruppo di persone tenute insieme da diversi vincoli di parentela, che lavoravano tutti per uno stesso scopo e dormivano e mangiavano tutti insieme nella stessa casa. Il capo di questo gruppo era, il padre, ma spesso anche nei confronti degli altri il capo esercitava analoghe funzioni paterne .
A quel tempo la famiglia non costituiva una sola associazione, ma tre fuse insieme: marito e moglie, genitori e figli, padroni e servi. Le famiglie importanti, quelle dei nobili, della gentry e dei ricchi mercanti, erano piuttosto numerose (generalmente più di tredici persone), mentre le grandi masse contadine le unità familiari erano più ristrette . Le grandi case dei ricchi, quindi, sia in campagna che in città, ospitavano sempre un gran numero di persone. In una società senza i caffè e senza public houses, la casa era senza dubbio l’unico luogo dove amici, parenti, protetti, potevano incontrarsi e conversare . Le visite costituivano una vera e propria occupazione che decideva della vita domestica e da cui dipendevano anche le ore dei pasti. Le stanze di queste grandi case erano in genere tutte intercomunicanti ed esse, eccetto la cucina, non erano mai destinate ad una funzione precisa. Nelle medesime stanze spesso si mangiava, si dormiva, si ballava, si lavorava, si ricevevano visitatori. Gran parte del mobilio era smontabile ancora per tutto il ‘600, solo nel ‘700 la casa cominciò ad avere un aspetto più privato e le varie stanze furono finalmente adibite ad usi specifici . Questo ci dà ancora una prova di come la famiglia si stesse lentamente avvicinando ad un modello più moderno e più vicino alla dimensione umana. Grazie all’influenza del protestantesimo, il processo di trasformazione della famiglia già iniziato nel ‘500, stava ormai volgendo al termine nel XVII secolo. Questo processo segnò nettamente il passaggio dal medioevo all’epoca moderna, con la nascita e lo sviluppo di un nuovo sentimento della famiglia . Quest’ultima venne modificata nel suo interno dall’etica puritana, in particolare, la quale impose nuovi valori e nuovi modelli. I rapporti tra marito e moglie, padre e figli, vennero rivalutati, si fecero più diretti e spontanei; lentamente si sviluppò, in questo secolo, un nuovo tipo di paternità, più responsabile. Ma alcune delle abitudini, potremmo dire meglio “leggi”, che riguardavano la famiglia del Medioevo, continuarono ad esistere ancora nel XVII secolo. Queste abitudini erano le stesse per tutti, aristocrazia e popolo, ed erano comuni sia in Inghilterra che in gran parte delle altre nazioni europee . Una di esse era l’uso, in ogni famiglia, di tenere in casa i bambini fino ai sette - nove anni circa e di mandarli poi, maschi e femmine indistintamente, al servizio in casa d’altri, impegnandoli con queste persone fino all’età di quattordici - diciotto anni circa. Veramente pochi bambini sfuggivano a questo trattamento, perché ognuno, di qualunque fortuna fosse provvisto mandava i suoi figli in casa altrui, mentre riceveva in casa propria bambini che gli erano estranei . Tra il ‘500 e il ‘700, queste abitudini cominciarono a perdersi mentre nella famiglia aumentava l’importanza del nucleo centrale, con un conseguente aumento dei vincoli affettivi che mantenevano unito il gruppo coniugale.
Risposte
chiudo.
GRAZIE MILLE
Ciaooooo:hi:hi:hi:hi:hi:hi!!!!!!!!!!!
Traduzione:
In the seventeenth century, as in any other age, the family is the basic unit of English society, and form the most intimate fabric of each. In this century, took place within the family a step of extreme importance: the patriarchal family type is slowly moved to a new kind of family gathering and more united, that kind of lecture. Protestantism was, once again, behind this change: the responsibility of life and the things of earth had passed from the hands of God to those of man himself who was thus becoming free to decide his own life in particular the family. In the early years of the'600 family was considered as a group of people bound together by many ties of kinship, all working for the same purpose and slept and ate together in the same house. The leader of this group was the father, but often also against the other leader exercising similar functions father.
At that time the family was not a single association, but three merged together: husband and wife, parents and children, masters and servants. Important families, those of nobles, the gentry and wealthy merchants, were quite numerous (usually more than thirteen persons), while large masses of the peasant family units were more restricted. The great houses of the rich, then, both in the countryside than in cities, always housed a large number of people. In a society without coffee and without public houses, the house was without doubt the only place where friends, relatives, protected, could meet and converse. The visits were a real employment which decided the home and from which also depended on the hours of meals. The availability of these great houses were usually interconnected and they all, except the kitchen, were never intended for a function. In the same rooms often ate, we slept, we danced, we worked, we received visitors. Much of the furniture had yet to dismantle the entire 600, only 700 in the house began to have a more private and the various rooms were finally used for specific uses. This gives us one more proof of how the family is slowly putting themselves in a more modern and closer to the human dimension. Thanks to the influence of Protestantism, the process of transformation of the family had already started in the'500, was now coming to an end in the seventeenth century. This clearly marked the transition from medieval to the modern, with the birth and development of a new sense of family. The latter was amended in its internal Puritan by ethics, in particular, which impose new values and new models. The relationship between husband and wife, father and children, were revalued became more direct and spontaneous, grew slowly in this century, a new type of fatherhood, more responsible. But some habits, we might better say "please", which concerned the family of the Middle Ages, continued to exist even in the seventeenth century. These patterns were the same for everyone, aristocracy and people, and were common in both England and most other European nations. One of them was the use in any family, at home to keep children up to seven - nine years and then send them, male and female alike, in the service in other people, engaging with these people all up ' age of fourteen - eighteen years or so. Very few children were not covered by this treatment, because everyone, whatever their fortune was fitted sent his children in the home of others, and received at home that the children were strangers. Between 500 and 700, these patterns began to be lost while in the family increased the importance of the core, with a consequent increase in the emotional bonds that hold together the group marriage.
Traduzione:
In the seventeenth century, as in any other age, the family is the basic unit of English society, and form the most intimate fabric of each. In this century, took place within the family a step of extreme importance: the patriarchal family type is slowly moved to a new kind of family gathering and more united, that kind of lecture. Protestantism was, once again, behind this change: the responsibility of life and the things of earth had passed from the hands of God to those of man himself who was thus becoming free to decide his own life in particular the family. In the early years of the'600 family was considered as a group of people bound together by many ties of kinship, all working for the same purpose and slept and ate together in the same house. The leader of this group was the father, but often also against the other leader exercising similar functions father.
At that time the family was not a single association, but three merged together: husband and wife, parents and children, masters and servants. Important families, those of nobles, the gentry and wealthy merchants, were quite numerous (usually more than thirteen persons), while large masses of the peasant family units were more restricted. The great houses of the rich, then, both in the countryside than in cities, always housed a large number of people. In a society without coffee and without public houses, the house was without doubt the only place where friends, relatives, protected, could meet and converse. The visits were a real employment which decided the home and from which also depended on the hours of meals. The availability of these great houses were usually interconnected and they all, except the kitchen, were never intended for a function. In the same rooms often ate, we slept, we danced, we worked, we received visitors. Much of the furniture had yet to dismantle the entire 600, only 700 in the house began to have a more private and the various rooms were finally used for specific uses. This gives us one more proof of how the family is slowly putting themselves in a more modern and closer to the human dimension. Thanks to the influence of Protestantism, the process of transformation of the family had already started in the'500, was now coming to an end in the seventeenth century. This clearly marked the transition from medieval to the modern, with the birth and development of a new sense of family. The latter was amended in its internal Puritan by ethics, in particular, which impose new values and new models. The relationship between husband and wife, father and children, were revalued became more direct and spontaneous, grew slowly in this century, a new type of fatherhood, more responsible. But some habits, we might better say "please", which concerned the family of the Middle Ages, continued to exist even in the seventeenth century. These patterns were the same for everyone, aristocracy and people, and were common in both England and most other European nations. One of them was the use in any family, at home to keep children up to seven - nine years and then send them, male and female alike, in the service in other people, engaging with these people all up ' age of fourteen - eighteen years or so. Very few children were not covered by this treatment, because everyone, whatever their fortune was fitted sent his children in the home of others, and received at home that the children were strangers. Between 500 and 700, these patterns began to be lost while in the family increased the importance of the core, with a consequent increase in the emotional bonds that hold together the group marriage.
Non è perfetta... ma sempre meglio di niente:
In the seventeenth century, as in any other period, family is the basic unit of English society, and forms the most intimate of each activity. In this century, took place within the family a very important step: the patriarchal type of family is slowly moved to a new kind of family more intimate and united, that paternal one.
Protestantism was, once again, behind this change: responsibility of life and of earthly things had passed from the hands of God to those of man himself who was then free to decide his own life especially within the family.
In the early years of 1600 family was considered as a group of people bound together by many ties of kinship, all working for the same purpose and slept and ate together in the same house.
The leader of this group was the father, but often also toward the others the leader did similar paternal functions.
At that time family wasn’t a single association, but three merged together: husband and wife, parents and children, masters and servants.
Important families, those of nobles, the gentry and wealthy merchants, were quite numerous (usually more than thirteen persons), while large masses of the peasant family units were more restricted.
The great houses of the rich, then, both in the countryside than in cities, always housed a large number of people.
In a society without coffee and public houses, home was without doubt the only place where friends, relatives, protected, could meet and converse.
Visits were a real employment which decided the home life and from which also depended mealtimes.
Rooms of these great houses were usually interconnected and they all, except the kitchen, hadn’t a clear function. In the same rooms people often ate, slept, danced, worked, received visitors.
All through 1600 most of the furniture was smontabile , only in 1700 house began to have a more private appearance and several rooms were finally used for specific uses.
ci saranoo sen'altro errori ti ho lasciato la parola italiana smontabile riferita ai mobile perchè non ho trovato una traduzione adatta.
In the seventeenth century, as in any other period, family is the basic unit of English society, and forms the most intimate of each activity. In this century, took place within the family a very important step: the patriarchal type of family is slowly moved to a new kind of family more intimate and united, that paternal one.
Protestantism was, once again, behind this change: responsibility of life and of earthly things had passed from the hands of God to those of man himself who was then free to decide his own life especially within the family.
In the early years of 1600 family was considered as a group of people bound together by many ties of kinship, all working for the same purpose and slept and ate together in the same house.
The leader of this group was the father, but often also toward the others the leader did similar paternal functions.
At that time family wasn’t a single association, but three merged together: husband and wife, parents and children, masters and servants.
Important families, those of nobles, the gentry and wealthy merchants, were quite numerous (usually more than thirteen persons), while large masses of the peasant family units were more restricted.
The great houses of the rich, then, both in the countryside than in cities, always housed a large number of people.
In a society without coffee and public houses, home was without doubt the only place where friends, relatives, protected, could meet and converse.
Visits were a real employment which decided the home life and from which also depended mealtimes.
Rooms of these great houses were usually interconnected and they all, except the kitchen, hadn’t a clear function. In the same rooms people often ate, slept, danced, worked, received visitors.
All through 1600 most of the furniture was smontabile , only in 1700 house began to have a more private appearance and several rooms were finally used for specific uses.
ci saranoo sen'altro errori ti ho lasciato la parola italiana smontabile riferita ai mobile perchè non ho trovato una traduzione adatta.
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